The gospel according to Matthew split the world's "renderings" into those that were appropriately in Caesar's camp and those more appropriate for God's camp. However, including either religious or political associations on your resume can be very risky. My legal career counseling clients often handed me resumes that contained either political or religious renderings, information from which a prospective employer could discern either their political/ideological leanings or their religious beliefs or affiliations.

I never respond with a stock answer because there isn't one that serves every client. Each case needs to be considered on an ad hoc basis. However, after fielding this question in many contexts and guises, I came up with the following guidelines that could be applied to each such circumstance, described below by the use of examples.

Politics

If you know that the political leanings of your prospective employer do not coincide with your's, omit the conflicting information from your resume if at all possible.

If you are seeking a position with Common Cause, consider omitting your National Rifle Association membership.

If you volunteered for the George W. Bush presidential campaign in Florida in 2000, consider omitting that from your resume when you apply for a Legislative Assistant position with Nancy Pelosi's office. If you were a paid employee of the Bush campaign, you might have a more difficult time leaving this job off your resume because of the time gap that would then appear.

Mindful that employers read down a resume with decreasing attention, you might want to use a resume approach that permits you to downplay your political involvement. If you have had a number of jobs since then, your campaign work might be sufficiently pushed down by now in a traditional, reverse-chronological resume. If not, then you should consider using a skills/functional/hybrid approach where, liberated from the usual reverse chronology, you can choose where to position your Bush job on the resume.

On the other hand, make sure to include work or volunteer experiences that align with the leanings of a prospective employer.

If you are uncertain about an employer's politics, leave any indication of your's out of your resume.

Religion

Similar criteria apply to your religious proclivities. One of my clients was the chief legal officer of a subsidiary of a church that is considered by most people to be a rather odd cult. He himself was not a cult member. He agonized over what to say on his resume about his employer (he had held the job for several years). I suggested that he list only the subsidiary (which had a "neutral" sounding name) and cross his fingers that a possibly biased prospective employer would not make the connection.

Snake-handling Baptists should omit their religious affiliation when applying for a job with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.

Employers tend to "accommodate" mainstream religions much more than cults or those that the broader community considers non-mainstream.

If you find that the employer has a religious orientation similar to your's, by all means include your's in the resume.

If you engaged in faith-based volunteer or community activities, that worthy effort should probably be included, because employers like candidates who have an active life outside of work, and who have an altruistic bent (even if they themselves do not). While those activities look good on a resume, any that include a proselytizing component are usually inappropriate. The exception is, of course, if you are seeking a position with a similarly congruent proselytizing organization.

Again, when in doubt, leave it out.